Co-creation is fast becoming a buzz word in tourism. Traditional approaches to value creation in tourism suggest that operators and suppliers produce goods and services which are consumed by tourists. The value produced is usually measured in economic terms. Co-creation challenges these assumptions, arguing that tourism producers and consumers co-create value together and that this value is more diverse than just economic value. Technologies underpinning social media, ratings and review tools and e-commerce are facilitating the creation of diverse values, and have been responsible for driving innovation in, for example, new business models such as the collaborative economy. Social, environmental, emotional, reputational and other kinds of value may also be produced, and a wide range of stakeholders, not just producers or consumers, might also benefit from the value co-creation process. This edited volume seeks to go beyond the dominant business/management/marketing perspectives that focus on the co-creation of market value and innovation, to excavate complex and critical episodes of co-creation in tourism. By engaging authors from both the academy and beyond, it explores the rich historical linage of co-creation and its contemporary practices. The chapters in this book were originally published in Tourism Recreation Research.

Analyses of contemporary tourism planning and policymaking practice at local to global scales is lacking and there is an urgent need for research that informs theory and practice. Illustrated with a set of cohesive, theoretically-informed, international case studies constructed through storytelling, this volume expands readers' knowledge about how tourism planning and policymaking takes place. Challenging traditional notions of tourism planning and policy processes, this book also provides critical insights into how theoretical concepts and frameworks are applied in tourism planning and policy making practice at different spatial scales. The book engages readers in the intellectual, political, moral and ethical issues that often surround tourism policymaking and planning, highlighting the great value of reflective learning grounded in the social sciences and revealing the complexity of tourism planning and policy.

Co-creation is fast becoming a buzz word in tourism. Traditional approaches to value creation in tourism suggest that operators and suppliers produce goods and services which are consumed by tourists. The value produced is usually measured in economic terms. Co-creation challenges these assumptions, arguing that tourism producers and consumers co-create value together and that this value is more diverse than just economic value. Technologies underpinning social media, ratings and review tools and e-commerce are facilitating the creation of diverse values, and have been responsible for driving innovation in, for example, new business models such as the collaborative economy. Social, environmental, emotional, reputational and other kinds of value may also be produced, and a wide range of stakeholders, not just producers or consumers, might also benefit from the value co-creation process. This edited volume seeks to go beyond the dominant business/management/marketing perspectives that focus on the co-creation of market value and innovation, to excavate complex and critical episodes of co-creation in tourism. By engaging authors from both the academy and beyond, it explores the rich historical linage of co-creation and its contemporary practices. The chapters in this book were originally published in Tourism Recreation Research.

Since the 1990s, tourism has become a major driver of economic activity and community development in Brazil. New policies and approaches, growing expertise and investment in tourism have brought significant transformation in tourism products, destination development and community involvement. In addition Brazil will be hosting two major sport events in the years ahead, i.e. the Soccer World Cup, in 2014, and the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, in 2016. Brazil offers many cultural and natural attractions but, similar to many other developing countries, it still struggles with issues such as infrastructure, accessibility, product development, service quality, market access and workforce training. This book provides an in-depth examination of tourism in Brazil, critically reviewing its development and management. The social, economic, political and environmental contexts of this emerging global power provide an intriguing backdrop. The book considers important development issues such as the changing policy context, community benefit tourism and indigenous tourism. It explores the impacts of tourism on the environment, changing community attitudes towards tourism, transport infrastructure and sustainability issues in events. Particular segments are explored including backpacker tourism, sensual tourism, adventure tourism and ecotourism and the implications for tourism research and education are examined. The book draws from theoretical foundations and practical insights, and gives voice to Brazilian researchers who are actively engaged in researching tourism. Drawing from cutting edge cross-cultural research, this original and timely book will be of interest to students, researchers and academics in the areas of Tourism, Geography and related disciplines.

Since the 1990s, tourism has become a major driver of economic activity and community development in Brazil. New policies and approaches, growing expertise and investment in tourism have brought significant transformation in tourism products, destination development and community involvement. In addition Brazil will be hosting two major sport events in the years ahead, i.e. the Soccer World Cup, in 2014, and the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, in 2016. Brazil offers many cultural and natural attractions but, similar to many other developing countries, it still struggles with issues such as infrastructure, accessibility, product development, service quality, market access and workforce training. This book provides an in-depth examination of tourism in Brazil, critically reviewing its development and management. The social, economic, political and environmental contexts of this emerging global power provide an intriguing backdrop. The book considers important development issues such as the changing policy context, community benefit tourism and indigenous tourism. It explores the impacts of tourism on the environment, changing community attitudes towards tourism, transport infrastructure and sustainability issues in events. Particular segments are explored including backpacker tourism, sensual tourism, adventure tourism and ecotourism and the implications for tourism research and education are examined. The book draws from theoretical foundations and practical insights, and gives voice to Brazilian researchers who are actively engaged in researching tourism. Drawing from cutting edge cross-cultural research, this original and timely book will be of interest to students, researchers and academics in the areas of Tourism, Geography and related disciplines.

This book employs an interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral lens to explore the collaborative dynamics that are currently disrupting, re-creating and transforming the production and consumption of tourism. House swapping, ridesharing, voluntourism, couchsurfing, dinner hosting, social enterprise and similar phenomena are among these collective innovations in tourism that are shaking the very bedrock of an industrial system that has been traditionally sustained along commercial value chains. To date there has been very little investigation of these trends, which have been inspired by, amongst other things, de-industrialization processes and post-capitalist forms of production and consumption, postmaterialism, the rise of the third sector and collaborative governance. Addressing that gap, this book explores the character, depth and breadth of these disruptions, the creative opportunities for tourism that are emerging from them, and how governments are responding to these new challenges. In doing so, the book provides both theoretical and practical insights into the future of tourism in a world that is, paradoxically, becoming both increasingly collaborative and individualized.

This book employs an interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral lens to explore the collaborative dynamics that are currently disrupting, re-creating and transforming the production and consumption of tourism. House swapping, ridesharing, voluntourism, couchsurfing, dinner hosting, social enterprise and similar phenomena are among these collective innovations in tourism that are shaking the very bedrock of an industrial system that has been traditionally sustained along commercial value chains. To date there has been very little investigation of these trends, which have been inspired by, amongst other things, de-industrialization processes and post-capitalist forms of production and consumption, postmaterialism, the rise of the third sector and collaborative governance. Addressing that gap, this book explores the character, depth and breadth of these disruptions, the creative opportunities for tourism that are emerging from them, and how governments are responding to these new challenges. In doing so, the book provides both theoretical and practical insights into the future of tourism in a world that is, paradoxically, becoming both increasingly collaborative and individualized.

There is a growing backlash against extractive and exploitative forms of tourism that have unleashed what some argue as unacceptable levels of change on local communities and environments. Examples include the rise of 'overtourism', the environmental impacts of the cruise sector, and collaborative economy platforms that have contributed to concerns over housing affordability and availability. Anti-tourism activism is on the rise, and the need to rethink the economic, political and social organisation of tourism in a global world has never been more apparent. It is increasingly clear that we need to rework the values underpinning tourism and visitor economies and move the focus from its traditional emphasis on profit, jobs and growth towards new models of economic and social exchange. This book gives voice to a growing movement of scholars, activists and business leaders who acknowledge that we need to reinvent relationships between tourism production and consumption, and between labour, capital and resources. In the Global North, this exploration of alternative economic and political relationships in tourism has tended to be located at the margins of discussion. The Global South has much to teach the Global North about alternative economic models, different kinds of exchange, new relationships between labour, capital and resources, and resilience. Drawing from case studies in both the North and the South, this edited collection explores how some are reworking tourism, reshaping the economies of tourism, and in the process, how tourism can deliver social and economic wellbeing in a changing world. Reworking Tourism will be of interest to scholars of tourism and development, as well as tourism and economics. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Tourism Planning & Development.

Analyses of contemporary tourism planning and policymaking practice at local to global scales is lacking and there is an urgent need for research that informs theory and practice. Illustrated with a set of cohesive, theoretically-informed, international case studies constructed through storytelling, this volume expands readers' knowledge about how tourism planning and policymaking takes place. Challenging traditional notions of tourism planning and policy processes, this book also provides critical insights into how theoretical concepts and frameworks are applied in tourism planning and policy making practice at different spatial scales. The book engages readers in the intellectual, political, moral and ethical issues that often surround tourism policymaking and planning, highlighting the great value of reflective learning grounded in the social sciences and revealing the complexity of tourism planning and policy.

The changing higher education policy context, increased global competition, pressures on the academic workforce and the dynamic nature of student markets are some of the challenges currently facing worldwide tourism and hospitality education. Skills shortages are also a significant issue that affect the capacity of the tourism industry to develop and innovate. Tourism and hospitality education programs have an important role in addressing this issue, by producing graduates with the knowledge, skills, creative problem solving and adaptive capacities to operate in increasingly complex and challenging environments. This book examines such current debates, controversies and questions in the field of tourism and hospitality education. It takes as its central focus a dynamic curriculum space shaped by internal and external factors from global to local scales, a variety of values and perspectives contributed by a range of stakeholders, and shifting philosophies about education policy, pedagogy and teaching practice. Developed from specifically commissioned original contributions from recognised authors in the field the Handbook is interdisciplinary in coverage and is also international in scope through its authorship and content. The 'start of the art' critical review of the development of conceptual and theoretical approaches to tourism and hospitality education using the depth and breadth of the curriculum space as a central theme means that the book will be a benchmark for future curriculum design and development. Providing a systematic guide to the current state of knowledge on tourism and hospitality education and its future direction this is essential reading for students, researches and academics if Tourism, Hospitality, Events, Recreation and Leisure Studies.